#3: Ernest Shackleton and the Endurance Expedition
The expedition did not achieve its original goal. It never even reached the starting point of the planned Antarctic crossing. By ordinary standards, that should have made it a failure. Instead, the voyage became a lesson in keeping 28 people alive after nearly every plan had collapsed. The Endurance became trapped in pack ice in January 1915, and months of pressure slowly broke the wooden ship apart. Once the crew moved onto the ice, Ernest Shackleton treated morale as carefully as food.

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