#12: Documenting the Russian Empire
In 1912, chemist and photographer Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky was hard at work on a sweeping photographic survey commissioned by Tsar Nicholas II. By employing a custom-specialized camera that captured three black-and-white images through red, green, and blue filters, he pioneered a vibrant color documentation technique. Traveling extensively across the Russian Empire, including regions such as the Caucasus, he systematically preserved the diverse cultures, landscapes, and architectural heritage of the changing nation.

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